Patient Information: Information related to angioplasty and stents as a treatment for coronary artery disease.

Coronary Artery Disease Overview

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is usually caused by atherosclerosis, and affects the coronary arteries that surround the heart. These coronary arteries supply blood with oxygen and other nutrients to the heart muscle to make it function properly. CAD occurs when the inner walls of the coronary arteries thicken due to a buildup of cholesterol, fatty deposits, calcium, and other elements. This material is known as plaque. As plaque develops, the vessel narrows. When the vessel narrows (for example with physical exertion or mental stress), blood flow through the vessel is reduced so less oxygen and other nutrients reach the heart muscle. This reduced blood flow may cause mild to severe chest pains or chest pressure. This pain or pressure can also spread to the arms or jaw, a condition known as angina pectoris. Complete obstruction (no blood flow) of a coronary artery can result in a heart attack (myocardial infarction).

Anyone who experiences symptoms of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction should promptly seek medical care.

Over 13 million Americans suffer from CAD each year. However, treatment options for CAD have substantially improved in recent years, and many CAD patients are now able to return to a normal lifestyle shortly after treatment.

Who Is at Risk?

People with a history of high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure, being overweight and a family history of CAD have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. Increasing age adds to the risk of CAD. In addition, menopausal status may play a role in women.